199. Lambdas and Callback Management

Question.10

A developer uses std::function to store a capturing lambda:

#include <functional>

std::function<void()> callback;

void setup() {
   int data[16];
   callback = [data]() { process(data); };
}

Why is this risky in firmware?

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std::function is not available on embedded compilers
std::function typically uses heap allocation (malloc) to store the captured data (64 bytes here) -- this introduces fragmentation, non-deterministic timing, and potential allocation failure
std::function is slower than function pointers
The lambda captures too many variables

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