3. Bit Toggle

Approach:

• In binary, toggling a bit can be done using the XOR (^) operator.
• The 5th bit (0-based index) is represented by 1 << 5, which equals 32 (decimal).
• N ^ 32 flips only the 5th bit of N.

Code Implementation:

#include <stdio.h>
int toggleFifthBit(int n) {
   return n ^ (1 << 5);  // Toggle the 5th bit using XOR
}
int main() {
   int n;
   scanf("%d", &n);
   printf("%d", toggleFifthBit(n));
   return 0;
}

Explanation:

• If the 5th bit is 0, XOR with 32 will set it to 1.
• If the 5th bit is 1, XOR with 32 will reset it to 0.

Time Complexity:

• O(1) (constant time operation).

Space Complexity:

• O(1) (no extra space used).