DataBuffer Fixed Buffer Init

Question

Problem: DataBuffer Fixed Buffer Init. Solve this hands-on electronics task on EWskills.

Accepted Answer

#include 
using namespace std;

class DataBuffer {
private:
    int size;              // Effective buffer size (1–20)
    int buffer[20];        // Fixed-size internal storage
    int writeIndex;        // Next write position

public:
    // Constructor
    DataBuffer(int s) {
        // Clamp size between 1 and 20
        if (s < 1)
            size = 1;
        else if (s > 20)
            size = 20;
        else
            size = s;

        // Initialize all 20 elements to zero
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            buffer[i] = 0;
        }

        writeIndex = 0;
    }

    // Push value into buffer if space is available
    void push(int v) {
        if (writeIndex < size) {
            buffer[writeIndex] = v;
            writeIndex++;
        }
        // Ignore writes when buffer is full
    }

    // Print stored values
    void print() {
        for (int i = 0; i < writeIndex; i++) {
            cout << buffer[i];
            if (i + 1 < writeIndex) {
                cout << " ";
            }
        }
    }
};

int main() {
    int s, n;
    cin >> s >> n;

    DataBuffer buf(s);

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        int x;
        cin >> x;
        buf.push(x);
    }

    buf.print();
    return 0;
}

Explanation & Logic Summary:

Constructor clamps the effective buffer size to a safe range
Entire fixed buffer is zero-initialized to avoid undefined memory
writeIndex tracks valid stored elements
Overflow writes are ignored without side effects
This models predictable and safe embedded buffer behavior

Firmware Relevance & Real-World Context:

Fixed-size buffers are common in firmware (DMA, FIFOs, message queues)
Deterministic initialization is critical after reset
Size clamping prevents invalid runtime configurations
Overflow protection avoids memory corruption in constrained systems

97. DataBuffer Fixed Buffer Init