21. Dynamic Sensor Buffer

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int n;
    std::cin >> n;

    if (n < 1) {
        return 0;
    }

    int* samples = new int[n];   // dynamic sensor buffer

    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        std::cin >> samples[i];
        sum += samples[i];
    }

    int average = sum / n;       // integer division
    std::cout << average;

    delete[] samples;            // free allocated memory
    return 0;
}

Explanation & Logic Summary:

• Sensor burst size is determined at runtime, requiring dynamic allocation.
• new[] allocates memory sized exactly to the required number of samples.
• Sensor readings are accumulated and averaged using integer arithmetic.
• delete[] is required to prevent memory leaks in long-running firmware systems.

Firmware Relevance & Real-World Context:

• Embedded firmware frequently handles variable-length data buffers:
  • ADC sampling bursts
  • IMU or sensor fusion windows
  • UART or DMA receive buffers
• Dynamic allocation must be used carefully:
  • Allocate only when necessary
  • Release immediately after use
  • Avoid long-lived heap usage
• This task evaluates:
  • Heap usage discipline
  • Memory lifecycle awareness
  • Safe handling of runtime-sized data