// 1-bit Full Adder (to be used by the 4-bit RCA)
module full_adder_1bit (
input a, b, cin,
output sum, cout
);
assign sum=a^b^cin;
assign cout=(a&b)|(b&cin)|(a&cin);
endmodule
// 4-bit Ripple Carry Adder – chain 4 full adders
module rca4_chain (
input [3:0] a,
input [3:0] b,
input cin,
output [3:0] sum,
output cout
);
wire c1,c2,c3;
full_adder_1bit f1(a[0],b[0],cin,sum[0],c1);
full_adder_1bit f2(a[1],b[1],c1,sum[1],c2);
full_adder_1bit f3(a[2],b[2],c2,sum[2],c3);
full_adder_1bit f4(a[3],b[3],c3,sum[3],cout);
endmodule