module full_adder_1bit (
input a, b, cin,
output sum, cout
);
assign sum = a ^ b ^ cin;
assign cout = (a & b) | (b & cin) | (a & cin);
endmodule
// 4-bit Ripple Carry Adder – chain 4 full adders
module rca4_chain (
input [3:0] a,
input [3:0] b,
input cin,
output [3:0] sum,
output cout
);
// Internal carries
wire c1, c2, c3;
// LSB
full_adder_1bit fa0 (a[0], b[0], cin, sum[0], c1);
full_adder_1bit fa1 (a[1], b[1], c1, sum[1], c2);
full_adder_1bit fa2 (a[2], b[2], c2, sum[2], c3);
// MSB
full_adder_1bit fa3 (a[3], b[3], c3, sum[3], cout);
endmodule