16. Diode Selection

Question.4

A designer places a Zener diode MMSZ5231B-7-F (DigiKey part number) near a USB connector to protect the circuit from voltage spikes coming from outside. However, during ESD testing, the circuit fails.

By referring to the component datasheet, what is the main reason this protection does not work well?

The Zener voltage is too low for USB
The Zener diode is too slow for sudden voltage spikes
A Zener diode is not designed to handle high-energy ESD events
The diode should have been placed farther from the connector

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