136. Generic Range Clamping

In embedded firmware, variables must often be restricted to safe operating ranges (e.g., limiting a PWM duty cycle to 0-255 or a servo angle to -45 to +45). Legacy code frequently uses unsafe preprocessor macros (e.g., #define CLAMP), which suffer from type-safety issues and double-evaluation bugs.

Your task is to implement a function template named clamp_value. It must accept three parameters of a generic type T: value, min_limit, and max_limit. It returns the value constrained within the range [min_limit, max_limit].

• If value is less than min_limit, return min_limit.
• If value is greater than max_limit, return max_limit.
• Otherwise, return value.

The function must work correctly for both integers and floating-point types.

Program Flow:

1. Read integer N (number of test cases).
2. Loop N times:
3. Read character type_code ('i' for int, 'f' for float).
4. If type_code is 'i':
   • Read integers val, min, max.
   • Call clamp_value<int> with these arguments.
   • Print the result.
5. If type_code is 'f':
   • Read floats val, min, max.
   • Call clamp_value<float> with these arguments.
   • Print the result with 1 decimal place of precision (e.g., 10.0).

Input Format:

• First line: Integer N (number of test cases).
• Next N lines: Character type_code, followed by three numbers (val, min, max).
• Input is provided via standard input (stdin).

Output Format:

• For each case, print: Result: <value>
• Floating point numbers must be printed with 1 decimal place (e.g., 10.0, -5.0).
• Each output must be on a new line.

Example: 

Example 1 (Mixed Types)

Input:

4
i 100 0 255
i 300 0 255
f 12.5 0.0 10.0
f -5.0 -10.0 0.0

Output:

Result: 100
Result: 255
Result: 10.0
Result: -5.0

Constraints:

• N range: 1 to 20
• val, min, max will be valid numeric types.
• Assume min_limit <= max_limit is always true.
• Must use template <typename T> syntax.
• No macros allowed.