51. Nibble Swap

Swap the high and low nibbles of an 8-bit input.

Requirements

Module: nibble_swap_task
Inputs: x[7:0]
Outputs: y[7:0]
Write a task swap_nibbles(input [7:0] xin, output [3:0] hi, output [3:0] lo) that extracts the high and low nibbles from xin.
Keep it fully combinational.

Behaviour

Input x[7:0]
Output y[7:0] = {x[3:0], x[7:4]}

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Testbench Code

`timescale 1ns/1ps

module tb_nibble_swap_task;
    // 1) Inputs
    reg  [7:0] x;

    // 2) DUT outputs
    wire [7:0] y;

    // 3) Expected (prefixed expected_)
    reg  [7:0] expected_y;

    // 4) Mismatch (HIGH on fail)
    reg  mismatch;
    wire mismatch_w = (y !== expected_y);

    // Accounting
    integer TOTAL_TEST_CASES        = 0;
    integer TOTAL_PASSED_TEST_CASES = 0;
    integer TOTAL_FAILED_TEST_CASES = 0;

    // VCD limit (record at most 32 cases)
    integer VCD_MAX_CASES = 32;

    // DUT
    nibble_swap_task dut(.x(x), .y(y));

    // VCD dump (Inputs -> Outputs -> Expected -> Mismatch)
    initial begin
        $dumpfile("tb_nibble_swap_task.vcd");
        $dumpvars(0,
            tb_nibble_swap_task.x,     // Inputs
            tb_nibble_swap_task.y,     // Outputs
            tb_nibble_swap_task.expected_y, // Expected
            tb_nibble_swap_task.mismatch    // Mismatch
        );
        $dumpon; // start at time 0
    end

    // Header + init
    initial begin
        x = 8'h00; expected_y = 8'h00; mismatch = 1'b0;
        $display("   x    |   y   | expected_y | mismatch");
        $display("----------------------------------------");
    end

    // Apply + check (EXPECTED FIRST -> WAIT -> COMPARE)
    task apply_and_check;
        input [7:0] tx;
        begin
            x = tx;

            // compute expected first to avoid race in waveform
            expected_y = {tx[3:0], tx[7:4]};

            #1; // let DUT settle
            mismatch = mismatch_w;

            TOTAL_TEST_CASES = TOTAL_TEST_CASES + 1;
            if (!mismatch) TOTAL_PASSED_TEST_CASES = TOTAL_PASSED_TEST_CASES + 1;
            else           TOTAL_FAILED_TEST_CASES = TOTAL_FAILED_TEST_CASES + 1;

            $display("0x%02h | 0x%02h |   0x%02h    |    %0d",
                     x, y, expected_y, mismatch);

            if (TOTAL_TEST_CASES == VCD_MAX_CASES) $dumpoff;
        end
    endtask

    integer i;
    integer seed;
    initial begin
        seed = 32'hB1B1_C0DE ^ $time;

        // Directed, compact (≤ 20 lines)
        apply_and_check(8'h00); // -> 0x00
        apply_and_check(8'hFF); // -> 0xFF
        apply_and_check(8'hF0); // -> 0x0F
        apply_and_check(8'h0F); // -> 0xF0
        apply_and_check(8'hA5); // -> 0x5A
        apply_and_check(8'h3C); // -> 0xC3
        apply_and_check(8'h12); // -> 0x21
        apply_and_check(8'h81); // -> 0x18

        // Small sweep (adds 8 rows, still under 32 total)
        for (i = 0; i < 8; i = i + 1)
            apply_and_check({4'hF - i[3:0], i[3:0]});

        // A few randoms (stay under 32 total)
        repeat (8) apply_and_check($random(seed));

        // Summary logs
        $display("----------------------------------------");
        $display("TOTAL_TEST_CASES=%0d", TOTAL_TEST_CASES);
        $display("TOTAL_PASSED_TEST_CASES=%0d", TOTAL_PASSED_TEST_CASES);
        $display("TOTAL_FAILED_TEST_CASES=%0d", TOTAL_FAILED_TEST_CASES);
        $display("ALL_TEST_CASES_PASSED=%s", (TOTAL_FAILED_TEST_CASES==0) ? "true" : "false");

        #2 $finish;
    end
endmodule